Big Data refers to data sets that are too large or complex for traditional data-processing application software to deal with. Big Data can also be defined as massive amounts of unstructured or structured data from various sources. From an academic perspective, the emergence of Big Data has fostered novel research across a wide range of topics. This has also led to the development of various Big Data statistical methods. Big Data does not employ statistical sampling methods; it simply observes and tracks what is happening. Therefore, Big Data typically involves data sizes that exceed the capability of traditional software to process within an acceptable time frame. Due to technological advancements, the ease of publishing new data, and the demand for high transparency by most governments globally, Big Data analytics is becoming increasingly prominent in modern research.